What are the common complications of nephrotic syndrome

(1) infection: the infection is one of the most common complication of nephrotic syndrome, before the advent of effective antibiotics, the infection is the leading cause of death for patients with nephrotic syndrome, especially infants and elderly patients with more complicated infection and therefore death. Is generally believed that patients with nephrotic syndrome complicated by infection due to malnutrition, low serum IgG levels and factor B deficiency and the use of immunosuppressive agents. However, recent studies have shown that the use of immunosuppressive agents. Shorten the course of nephrotic syndrome, thereby reducing the chance of infection. Nephrotic syndrome risk factors for infection is the serum IgG levels (albumin level, and 24-hour proteinuria quantitative closely related) and muscle liver levels increased.
Common viral infections: chickenpox, shingles, measles onset than the average weight. Thus, patients with nephrotic syndrome in their daily lives as much as possible to avoid contact with the source of infection, ease of that can be injected immune serum globulin and pneumococcal vaccination in the event of infection, should be immediately given the strong anti-infective drugs.
(2) hyperlipidemia: abnormal lipid metabolism in nephrotic syndrome the characteristics of the composition of plasma lipoproteins increases, generally the earliest, followed by only as phospholipids and triglycerides cholesterol. In addition to the number of changes, a variety of lipoproteins, cholesterol / phospholipid and cholesterol / triglyceride values ​​were significantly increased. High-density lipoprotein increased, normal or reduced. The extent of lipid abnormalities under normal circumstances, urine protein and (or) hypoproteinemia. The kidney comprehensive the lipemia patients should pay attention to diet and avoid eating cholesterol-rich foods, eat more food, smoking cessation and appropriate movement of the rich in unsaturated fatty acids. To note that the free drug concentration increased due to hypoproteinemia, should reduce the dose to prevent the occurrence of side effects, should also avoid the use of diuretics can elevated blood lipids in the use of lipid-lowering agents.
Hypovolemia and acute renal failure (3): nephrotic syndrome patient blood volume increase, normal or decreased, the change is not necessarily related to the degree of swollen. Blood volume and more patients, often after the use of diuretics can improve symptoms(Kidney Disease Symptoms and Treatment). Patients with hypovolemia, diuretics, allows blood volume to further reduce, leading to the instability of the cardiovascular function, and even lead to acute renal failure. That nephrotic syndrome complicated by acute renal failure due to renal ischemia and renal interstitial edema two factors together. Effective hypovolemia leading to lack of renal blood flow; tube deposition caused tubular obstruction, Bowman capsular hydrostatic pressure is increased, resulting in ischemia, can make the glomerular filtration rate. The kidney comprehensive acute renal failure, acute renal failure treatment, kidney function can often be improved by proper treatment. Also in some cases develop into chronic renal failure and required renal replacement therapy for life.
(4) renal tubular dysfunction: the large amounts of urine protein in patients, in particular, is pathological tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis can occur in the proximal tubule dysfunction, clinical diabetes, high phosphoric acid in urine, urinary amino acids, missing potassium and loss of bicarbonate (Fanconi syndrome). Severe urinary protein in patients with renal tubular excretion of muscle to the liver increased, will lead to overestimation of hepatic clearance of the patient muscle, that is to make an assessment of glomerular function should take into account. Renal tubular dysfunction, in addition to symptomatic outside a special approach, mainly due to the original onset of treatment.
(5) immune abnormalities: nephrotic syndrome abnormal humoral and cell-mediated immune function, that with the original onset of nephrotic syndrome caused by, but also decreased with low albumin, IgG, and factor B, immune conditioning material iDL increased, low transferrin, albumin, zinc deficiency, the synthesis of prostaglandins increased use of immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide) and other factors. Processing is that the original onset of treatment, remission can be used to enhance active and passive immunization of agents, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.
(6) thrombus composition and vascular thrombosis: Visibility of renal vein thrombosis, constitute the pulmonary artery or pulmonary vein in situ thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, peripheral venous or arterial thrombosis constitute. The reason may lie in the kidney comprehensive hypercoagulable state, antithrombin III deficiency or reduced fibrinolysis, enhanced platelet aggregation, increased procoagulant substances, hyperlipidemia, slow blood flow, endothelial cell injury and hormone therapy and other factors can this have a major impact. Legitimate use of anticoagulants in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, which complications reduce.